Only after Dr Semmelweis’s dying was the germ theory of illness developed, and he’s now recognised as a pioneer of antiseptic policy and prevention of nosocomial (hospital-acquired) disease. It was Aulus Cornelius Celcus of Rome who first advocated cleanliness, wound-washing and therapy with vinegar and thyme oil, both of which have antiseptic properties. Other early antiseptics included pitch, wine, copper, silver and mercury. See Hand Hygiene Australia for extra data on how to wash your hands.